Unit 11: Mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ trợ, giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ.

I. Đại từ quan hệ

II. Trạng từ quan hệ

III. Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ

• Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định và không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.

e.g.: Tet is the occasion when people often come back to their hometown to enjoy the special atmosphere with their family.

• Non-defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định và được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-).
e.g.:
Da Lat city, which I visited last summer, is absolutely stunning.
-> Da Lat city is absolutely stunning. (việc loại bỏ mệnh đề which I visited last summer không ảnh hưởng đến ý nghĩa của câu)

Luyện tập

Bài 1: Nối các câu đơn với nhau bằng mệnh đề quan hệ.
1.      My sister works as shop manager. The shop sells woman clothing.
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2.      The bridge connects two islands. The bridge was constructed five years ago.
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3.      I studied Korean at a training center. Its equipment was innovative and modern.
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4.      My best friend loves to go to Seoul. The street food here is very delicious.
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5.      Stephen Hawking’s scientific research has contributed a lot to humankind. Stephen Hawking is an English physicist.
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6.      My most favorite item of clothing is the blue T-shirt. My mother bought it for me.
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7.      Sydney is located by the sea. Sydney is a city in Australia.
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8.      The 10-storey building is on Lavender Street. It is for rent.
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9.      Greenhouse effect is on the rise. It has caused many consequences for the environment.
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10.   Traffic congestion is still the concern of many authorities. It happens in many large cities in the world.
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Exercise 2: Read the passage and complete the table. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each blank.

Now, some people seem to think it’s just a matter of locking all the doors and windows, which is fine as long as there are no nasty storms while you are away. If you’re going to be away during a storms or windy season, then you also need to take a good look outside your home. Perhaps you live an area where there are a lot of tall trees, in which case you will need to cut off any dead branches that overhang your property.

Do you have a garden or, if you live in a block of flats, perhaps you have a balcony or veranda? If so, make sure you store away any objects that could become damaging missiles if picked up by strong wind, things like outdoor furniture or even plants, for example. These can be especially dangerous if you live in a flat which is a large high-rise building.

Once you’ve taken care of the outdoors you have to consider what could go wrong inside. Remember this isn’t just a house or a flat; this is your home, the place where you keep your most treasured possessions. What would happen to them in a flood, for instance? If you’re leaving for an extended period of time, the best idea is to find someone that can check on your home while you’re away. Perhaps you have a family member who lives close by, or you may have a neighbor that you can rely on.

Another possible problem is having your home burgled while you are away. Now, there are often very good reasons why one house is burgled and another is not. In the evening, a home that’s very dark can really stand out. So why not install lights which have a timer when you would normally be home? Also, make sure you find someone who can collect your mail for you. You’ll be amazed how quickly a letterbox can become crammed full of uncollected letters and papers, which is a great help to a burglar looking for homes that are empty!
 


Keys

Exercise 1:
1.      My sister works as manager at a shop that/which sells woman clothing.
2.      The bridge that/which connects two islands was constructed five years ago.
3.      I studied Korean at a training center of which the equipment was innovative and modern.
4.      My best friend loves to go to Seoul where the street food is very delicious.
5.      The scientific research of Stephen Hawking who is an English physicist has contributed a lot to humankind.
6.      My most favorite item of clothing is the blue T-shirt that/which my mother bought for me.
7.      Sydney, which is a city in Australia, is located by the sea.
8.      The 10-storey building that/which is on Lavender Street is for rent.
9.      Greenhouse effect is on the rise, which has caused many consequences for the environment.
10.   Traffic congestion, which happens in many large cities in the world, is still the concern of many authorities.

Exercise 2:
1.      where there are
2.      that could become
3.      that/who can check
4.      which/that have
5.      who/that can collect