Đại từ bất định (indefinite pronouns) được sử dụng như thế nào trong tiếng anh và cách chia các loại đại từ bất định như thế nào? Hãy cùng Aland English học qua bài học chi tiết sau đây nhé!
Đại từ bất định là những từ không chỉ cụ thể đến người hay vật nào đó mà chỉ nói một cách chung chung. Dưới đây là một số đại từ bất định phổ biến được hình thành từ 4 nhóm:
every- |
some- |
any- |
no- |
everyone |
someone |
anyone |
no one |
everybody |
somebody |
anybody |
nobody |
everything |
something |
anything |
nothing |
Tất cả các động từ chỉ hành động của đại từ bất định đều phải được chia số ít.
e.g. :
Something needs to be done about the increasing rate of crime.
According to the news, no one is directly responsible for the problems.
LƯU Ý Khi không muốn lặp lại các đại từ bất định chỉ người (everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody) ta sử dụng đại từ số nhiều they, them, their, themselves để thay thế. e.g. : No one wants to admit their own faults. Somebody doesn’t want to sacrifice themselves for the greater good. |
Với danh từ đếm được số ít và danh từ không đếm được, động từ được chia số ít.
e.g. :
One-third of the article is taken up with statistical analysis.
Much of the book seems relevant to this study.
Half of what he writes is undocumented.
Fifty percent of the job is routine.
All the information is current
Với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, động từ cũng được chia số nhiều
e.g. :
One-third of the students have graduate degrees.
Many researchers depend on grants from industry.
Half of his articles are peer-reviewed.
Fifty percent of the computers have CD-ROM drives.
All the studies are current.
Với danh từ tập hợp (family, class, group…), động từ có thể chia số ít hoặc số nhiều, phụ thuộc vào việc chủ thể thực hiện hành động đó đang được nhắc đến dưới góc độ từng cá nhân hay cả tập thể.
e.g. :
Half of my family lives in Canada. (Một nửa gia đình tôi sống ở Canada trong cùng một căn nhà nên được coi là một chủ thể thực hiện hành động.)
Half of my family live in Canada. (Một nửa gia đình tôi sống ở Canada nhưng mỗi người ở một nơi khác nhau trong Canada nên được coi là nhiều người thực hiện hành động.)
All of the class is/are here.
Ten percent of the population is/are bilingual.
Khi majority/minority diễn đạt một con số không cụ thể lớn hơn hoặc nhỏ hơn 50%, động từ được chia số ít.
The majority holds no strong views.
A small minority indicates it supports the proposal.
Khi majority/minority nói đến một nhóm người cụ thể, động từ được chia số nhiều.
A majority of Canadians have voted for change.
A minority of the students are willing to pay more.
Ten dollars is a great deal of money to a child.
Ten kilometres is too far to walk.
Six weeks is not long enough.
The rich get richer.
The poor face many hardships.
Khi diễn tả một chủ thể thống nhất, động từ được chia số ít, sử dụng mạo từ ‘the’ trước ‘number of’:
The number of students registered in the class is 20.
Khi đóng vai trò định lượng từ bất định, động từ được chia số nhiều, sử dụng mạo từ ‘a’ trước ‘number of’:
A number of students were late.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
IELTS Writing Task 1
The diagrams below give information on transport and car use in Edmonton.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Sample answer:
The table (1. show)………………… the reason why people in Edmonton use their cars in the city and the pie chart (2. explain)………………… what type of transport is preferred most of the time.
Looking at the pie chart first, it is clear that the car (3. be)………………… the most popular means of transport in this city. 45% of the people (4. say)………………… that they prefer to commute by car. The second most popular form of transport (5. be)………………… the LRT, while busses and taxis (6. be)………………… the main means of transport for the rest of the people.
The table (7. give)………………… more detailed information about why people use their cars. Surprisingly, 55% of the people (8. need)………………… to commute to work by car. Cars (9. be)………………… also used a lot for taking children to school or business purposes. Only 15% of drivers (10. be)………………… doing their shopping and, similarly, 15% (11. need)………………… to travel by car for leisure.
Overall, people in Edmonton make good use of alternative methods of transport but there (12. be)………………… a heavy dependence on cars for work.
Exercise 2: Complete these IELTS Speaking answers.
That’s a good question. Well, a few qualities (be)……………… considered preferable by others and people admire those qualities. Honesty (be)……………… the best of them. Nobody (like)……………… a dishonest person. Besides, people also (seek)……………… humbleness, generosity and good manners. People do not like anyone that (show)……………… off. Confidence (be)……………… another virtue that people admire. In fact, confident people (be)……………… able to achieve any success more quickly than others. People also love gratitude and this is really an admirable quality, in my opinion. Effective communication skill is a very special virtue that people seek in others. Furthermore, people also admire committed persons.
I think most people would agree that parents (be)……………… considered as the best teachers for children. In fact, a family (be)……………… an institution where the parents (play)……………… the roles of instructors. Moreover, most children (love)……………… to imitate when they are in their childhood. So, it (be)……………… the responsibility of parents to set good examples for their children and become their role models. If they can set good examples, children will follow them and become good human being in their lives. But if the parents set bad examples, those may (have)……………… some detrimental impacts on their children.
Exercise 1:
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Exercise 2:
That’s a good question. Well, a few qualities are considered preferable by others and people admire those qualities. Honesty is the best of them. Nobody likes a dishonest person. Besides, people also seek humbleness, generosity and good manners. People do not like anyone that shows off. Confidence is another virtue that people admire. In fact, confident people are able to achieve any success more quickly than others. People also love gratitude and this is really an admirable quality, in my opinion. Effective communication skill is a very special virtue that people seek in others. Furthermore, people also admire committed persons.
I think most people would agree that parents are considered as the best teachers for children. In fact, a family is an institution where the parents play the roles of instructors. Moreover, most children love to imitate when they are in their childhood. So, it is the responsibility of parents to set good examples for their children and become their role models. If they can set good examples, children will follow them and become good human being in their lives. But if the parents set bad examples, those may have some detrimental impacts on their children.