Ngày 14: There is/are, either/neither, both.... and, as well as

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Phân biệt cấu trúc THERE IS và THERE ARE

There is/are luôn đứng trước một danh từ/cụm danh từ là chủ thể của câu.

There is + singular nouns (danh từ số ít)

There are + plural nouns (danh từ số nhiều)

e.g.: There is one important reason why we must tackle the problem of global warming.

(Chúng ta phải giải quyết hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu vì một lí do rất quan trọng)

There are several reasons why we must tackle the problem of global warming.

(Chúng ta phải giải quyết hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu vì một số lí do)

 

Cấu trúc ‘either A or B’ (hoặc A hoặc B), ‘neither A nor B’ (không A cũng không B) có thể đóng 3 kiểu vai trò trong câu:

• chủ ngữ

e.g. : Either Italy or France made it to the final round.

• tân ngữ
• : I can drink neither beer nor wine.
• mệnh đề
• : Either I find a well-paying job, or my parents will send me abroad.

Tuy nhiên, trong nội dung kiến thức S-V agreement, chúng ta sẽ học cấu trúc này với vai trò là chủ ngữ. Công thức như sau:

Either/Neither	danh từ	or/nor	danh từ số ít	động từ số ít
	cụm danh từ		cụm danh từ số ít
	đại từ		đại từ số ít
Either/Neither	danh từ	or/nor	danh từ số nhiều	động từ số nhiều
	cụm danh từ		cụm danh từ số nhiều
	đại từ		đại từ số nhiều

Ở vai trò này, động từ được chia dựa vào danh từ đứng cạnh nó.

e.g. : Neither Apple nor Samsung wants to settle the disagreement peacefully.

        Either you or them take out the trash!

Cấu trúc ‘both A and B’ có thể là chủ ngữ, cũng có thể là tân ngữ trong câu. Tuy nhiên, trong nội dung kiến thức S-V agreement, chúng ta sẽ học cấu trúc này với vai trò là chủ ngữ. Khi đó, động từ LUÔN chia số nhiều.

Both	danh từ	and	danh từ	động từ số nhiều
	cụm danh từ		cụm danh từ
	đại từ		đại từ

e.g. :

Both Japanese and Korean are difficult for me to study.

Both the local authority and the local people have made continuous attempts to stop street littering.

Cấu trúc ‘A as well as B’ có thể là chủ ngữ, cũng có thể là tân ngữ trong câu. Tuy nhiên, trong nội dung kiến thức S-V agreement, chúng ta sẽ học cấu trúc này với vai trò là chủ ngữ. Khi đó, động từ LUÔN chia số ít.

danh từ	as well as	danh từ	động từ số ít
cụm danh từ		cụm danh từ
đại từ		đại từ

e.g. :

The local authority as well as the local people has made continuous attempts to stop street littering.

My family can’t adopt a cat because my dad as well as my sister is allergic to cats’ fur.

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Apple as well as grape ………her favorite fruits.

a. has               b. have             c. is                  d. are

2. Neither Jane nor her sister ………exercise each morning.

a. do                b. is doing       c. does             d. did

3. Drinking fruit juice…………..wonders for our health.

a. do                b. is                  c. does             d. have

4. John, along with twenty friends,……….planning a party.

a. are                b. were             c. is                  d. will

5. Reasons for this matter……………., but the most outstanding one is that people don’t like to travel a long way to pick up children afterschool.

a. has varied         b. has been varied              c. varies                      d. vary

6. Both Jane and Mary…………..going to Jimmy’s birthday party next Sunday.

a. has               b. have             c. are                d. is

7. Physics………………..a difficult subject to some people.

a. was              b. are               c. is                  d. were

8. There……………100 people at the wedding yesterday.

a. was              b. were             c. are                d. am

9. There……………an apple, 2 oranges and some bottles of milk on the table.

a. is                  b. are               c. were d. being

10. There…………….several people at the convention hall now.

a. were             b. are               c. was              d. is

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms.

IELTS Writing Task One

The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and the rest of the world.

Sample answer:

The pie charts (1. give) …………………… information about the water used for residential, industrial and agricultural purposes in San Diego County, California, and the world as a whole.

It (2. be) ……………… noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or agriculture in the two American regions. By contrast, agriculture (3. account) ………………………… for the vast majority of water used worldwide.

In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption accounts for 60% and 39% of total water usage. By contrast, a mere 8% of the water used globally goes to homes. The opposite trend can be seen when we (4. look) ……………………… at water consumption for agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of global water use, but only 17% and 28% of water usage in San Diego and California respectively.

Such dramatic differences (5. be) …………………… not seen when we (6. compare) …………………………… the figures for industrial water use. The same proportion of water (23%) (7. be) …………………… used by industry in San Diego and worldwide, while the figure for California (8. be) …………………… 10% higher, at 33%.

Exercise 3: Read the passage and choose the correct answer.

What is Tic? A tic is a repeated, impulsive action, reflexive in nature, which the actor feels powerless to control or avoid. Only when the individual performs the tic, is tension and anxiety released within the individual with a tic disorder. Tics can be triggered by an emotional state or sensation, or can happen for no obvious reason. General types of tics include verbal tics, facial tics, and other muscular tics. Physical and psychological therapy and medication can cause tics to go away, often permanently. Muscular tics look something like twitches or quick grimaces, and often affect the eyes and hands. Muscular tics can affect multiple muscles at once. Some forms of stuttering are caused by muscular tics in the throat, tongue, or vocal cords when speaking or preparing to speak.

 

1. According to the reading, tics _________________.

A) are nothing to be fearful of

B) are not voluntary movements and they can't be consciously controlled

C) can be stopped voluntarily for brief periods

D) do not need particular treatment

2. As it is pointed out in the passage _________________.

A) there is usually no need to see the health care provider for a tic

B) a tic can involve only one muscle at a time

C) people with tics often feel relief after the tic is over

D) drugs used to treat tics have a low rate of success

3. One can infer from the passage that _________________.

A) anxiety can be a side effect of medication to treat tics

B) the cause may be harder to detect in the case of a facial tic

C) most tics are mild and hardly noticeable

D) psychological support may be helpful for those with tics

Exercise 1:

1. C
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. B

Exercise 2:

1. give
2. is
3. accounts
4. look
5. are
6. compare
7. is
8. is

Exercise 3:

1. B
2. C
3. D