S-V agreement with modal verbs hay còn gọi là sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ là một phần vô cùng quan trọng trong IELTS Speaking và Writing. Phần này giúp để tạo thành 1 câu có nghĩa và ăn điểm của IELTS. Hãy cùng Aland học bài học qua bài sau đây nhé!
Sự hoà hợp chủ ngữ - động từ là điểm mấu chốt trong ngữ pháp để tạo thành câu có nghĩa. Khi xem xét sự hoà hợp chủ ngữ - động từ, ta sẽ nhìn vào chủ ngữ và chia động từ số ít/nhiều phù hợp.
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Countable N Singular |
Countable N Plural |
Uncountable N Singular |
Uncountable N Plural (special) |
Verb Singular |
I am a student. |
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Early education plays an important role.- |
Maths is the subject that I hate the most. |
Verb Plural |
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Cats are very lazy in general. |
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Động từ khuyết thiếu thường đứng trước động từ chính trong câu để diễn đạt khả năng, xác suất, sự chắc chắn, hoặc xin phép, đề nghị… Trong một số trường hợp, động từ khuyết thiếu sẽ đứng trước ‘have + PII’ để diễn đạt một khả năng có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ. Các động từ khuyết thiếu chính bao gồm:
can |
could |
may |
might |
shall |
should |
will |
would |
must |
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e.g. : I must be at home before curfew. (Tôi phải có mặt ở nhà trước giờ giới nghiêm)
Các động từ bình thường phải thêm -s hay -es nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ số ít, nhưng động từ khiếm khuyết thì không thay đổi hình thức.
e.g. : My brother can drive the car. (Anh trai tôi có thể lái xe)
Như ta có thể thấy ở ví dụ trên, động từ khiếm khuyết can không thay đổi hình thức, cho dù chủ ngữ có là số ít hay số nhiều đi nữa.
Ta có thể so sánh 2 ví dụ sau:
e.g.1 : He lies to his friends. → He does not lie to his friends. (mượn trợ động từ to do)
e.g.2 : He should lie to his friends. → He should not lie to his friends. (không cần trợ động từ)
Ta có thể so sánh 2 ví dụ sau:
e.g.1 : He speaks English. → Does he speak English?
e.g.2 : He can speak English → Can he speak English?
Khác với những động từ bình thường, động từ khiếm khuyết chỉ có một dạng duy nhất là dạng nguyên mẫu.
Ví dụ: động từ khiếm khuyết must không có dạng musting, musted hay to must.
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Cách dùng |
Ví dụ |
can |
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could |
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may |
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might |
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must |
must not = bắt buộc không được làm gì đó |
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shall |
Lưu ý: chỉ dùng cho ngôi I và we |
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should |
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will |
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would |
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Trên thực tế, trong bài thi IELTS ta không cần sử dụng nhiều đến các công dụng cho phép, xin phép, yêu cầu, hay mời lịch sự của động từ khuyết thiếu.
MODAL VERBS + HAVE + PII
(could have, would have, should have, might have, must have)
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Cách dùng |
Ví dụ |
could have |
đã có khả năng làm được trong quá khứ, nhưng vì một lí do nào đó mà lúc đó đã không làm vậy |
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should have |
đáng lẽ ra đã phải làm gì đó |
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might have |
phỏng đoán một việc đã có thể xảy ra rồi |
The bus might have left. à Xe buýt hình như đã rời đi rồi |
must have |
phỏng đoán một việc gần như chắc chắn đã xảy ra |
It must have been hard for her. à Cô ấy hẳn là đã rất khổ tâm. |
would have |
rất muốn làm một điều gì đó nhưng lại không làm Lưu ý: có thể gặp trong câu điều kiện loại 3 |
I would have studied abroad, but I couldn’t afford it. à Tôi đã rất muốn đi du học nhưng điều kiện kinh tế không cho phép. Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã đi du học rồi. |
Exercise 1: Choose one of the following to complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
must (not) have |
might (not) have |
should (not) have |
could (not) have |
1. John …………………… (go) on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
2. Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It …………………… (close) early.
3. I …………………… (revise) more for my exams. I think I'll fail!
4. Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She …………………… (pass) her driving test this morning.
5. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You …………………… (tell) me!
6. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He …………………… (catch) the wrong train.
7. Don't lie to me that you were ill yesterday. You …………………… (be) ill - John said you were at the ice hockey match last night.
8. I don't know where they went on holiday but they bought Euros before they left so they …………………… (go) to France or Germany.
9. His number was busy all night - he …………………… (be) on the phone continuously for hours.
10. It …………………… (be) Mickey I saw at the party. He didn't recognise me at all.
Exercise 2: Complete these IELTS Speaking answers.
That’s a good question. Let me think…I’d say it …………… (depend) on where you are and who you are with. If you …………… (be) out in public, it …………… (be) things like the car you are driving. If you have the latest Mercedes Benz model, then in my country that …………… (be) a sign of status, as most people can’t even …………… (afford) a car at all, whatever the make. Property, or the house you …………… (own), and the possessions you …………… (have) in it …………… (be) also a sign of status. If you have a nice house in a nice area, then this …………… (show) you have money and are someone important.
I …………… (be) too young to remember exactly what it …………… (be) like a long time ago, but yes, I think it …………… (be) different. For example, cars as I mentioned before only really …………… (come) to our country in the last ten years or so. That kind of consumerism …………… (be) a fairly recent thing so this couldn’t have …………… (be) used as a representation of something valuable. I think it was things like gold and jewelry that …………… (be) seen as valuable. Of course these …………… (be) still seen as valuable today, but previously it was these things over anything else as a lot of the modern day possessions …………… (be) not available.
I believe that this is because it's important in society to show you …………… (have) money or …………… (be) successful – it is nature, or the way we are brought up, that …………… (make) us feel like this, but also the pressure that society …………… (put) on everyone to be successful. And showing status …………… (be) basically showing that you have money and you have success, so this is what people …………… (want) to do. Going back to the example of the car, driving around in a Mercedes …………… (be) a very conspicuous show of status – it basically …………… (say) to people, “Look, I am successful and I have money.” Another reason is possibly for respect. In many cultures, if someone …………… (have) high status, then they will be respected by others and they may …………… (receive) preferential treatment.
Exercise 1:
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Exercise 2:
That’s a good question. Let me think…I’d say it depends on where you are and who you are with. If you are out in public, it is things like the car you are driving. If you have the latest Mercedes Benz model, then in my country that is a sign of status, as most people can’t even afford a car at all, whatever the make. Property, or the house you own, and the possessions you have in it are also a sign of status. If you have a nice house in a nice area, then this shows you have money and are someone important.
I’m too young to remember exactly what it was like a long time ago, but yes, I think it was different. For example, cars as I mentioned before only really came to our country in the last ten years or so. That kind of consumerism is a fairly recent thing so this couldn’t have been used as a representation of something valuable. I think it was things like gold and jewelry that were seen as valuable. Of course these are still seen as valuable today, but previously it was these things over anything else as a lot of the modern day possessions were not available.
I believe that this is because it's important in society to show you have money or are successful – it is nature, or the way we are brought up, that makes us feel like this, but also the pressure that society puts on everyone to be successful. And showing status is basically showing that you have money and you have success, so this is what people want to do. Going back to the example of the car, driving around in a Mercedes is a very conspicuous show of status – it basically says to people, “Look, I am successful and I have money.” Another reason is possibly for respect. In many cultures, if someone has high status, then they will be respected by others and they may receive preferential treatment.